🚀📚Intermediate

Add Two Complex Numbers

Add complex numbers using structures

Complex numbers are those numbers that can be expressed in the form a + bi where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary part called "iota". The value of i is √-1.

📝 Example

Input:

a = ( 2 + 3i )

b = ( 4 + 5i )

Output:

Sum = ( 6 + 8i )

Explanation:

= ( 2 + 3i ) + ( 4 + 5i )

= ( 2 + 4 ) + ( 3 + 5 )i

= ( 6 + 8i )

📋 Approach

Define a structure for complex numbers
Define a function for adding two complex numbers
This function accepts two complex numbers as parameters and returns a complex number

📚 What You'll Learn

•Using struct to define custom data types
•Using typedef for cleaner code
•Passing structures to functions
•Returning structures from functions

C Program to Add Two Complex Numbers

add_complex.c

1// C program to demonstrate
2// addition of complex numbers
3#include <stdio.h>
4
5// define a structure for complex number
6typedef struct complexNumber {
7    int real;
8    int img;
9} complex;
10
11// This function accepts two complex numbers
12// as parameter and return addition of them.
13complex add(complex x, complex y);
14
15// Driver code
16int main()
17{
18    // Define three complex type numbers
19    complex a, b, sum;
20
21    // First complex number
22    a.real = 2;
23    a.img = 3;
24
25    // Second complex number
26    b.real = 4;
27    b.img = 5;
28
29    // Print first complex number
30    printf("\n a = %d + %di", a.real, a.img);
31
32    // print second complex number
33    printf("\n b = %d + %di", b.real, b.img);
34
35    // call add(a,b) function and
36    // pass complex numbers a & b
37    // as an parameter.
38    sum = add(a, b);
39
40    // Print result
41    printf("\n sum = %d + %di", sum.real, sum.img);
42
43    return 0;
44}
45
46// Complex add(complex x, complex y)
47// function definition
48complex add(complex x, complex y)
49{
50    // Define a new complex number.
51    complex add;
52
53    // Add real part of a&b
54    add.real = x.real + y.real;
55
56    // Add Imaginary part of a&b
57    add.img = x.img + y.img;
58
59    return (add);
60}

Output

a = 2 + 3i\n b = 4 + 5i\n sum = 6 + 8i

📖 Code Explanation

Code	Explanation
typedef struct	Creates a new type name for the structure
int real, img;	Members to store real and imaginary parts
complex a, b, sum;	Declare three complex number variables
a.real = 2;	Access structure member using dot operator
sum = add(a, b);	Call function and store returned structure
return (add);	Return the complex number structure